Its been about four years since the gruesome terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C., and even more since the attacks on the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998. Some experts claim Al Qaeda is now stronger than ever - others say it has been weakened by the Afghanistan and Iraq campaign. However, they all agree that Al Qaeda exists and pose serious mortal threat. Taking into consideration that this organisation has been able to withstand a war from a super power and its allies, including their fighting capabilities ranging from military might, economic coercion and considerable diplomatic weight, perhaps it is time to consider a shift in strategy?

The public’s demand for the use of brute force against the terrorists behind the September 11th attacks is easy to comprehend. The immediate feelings of shock, infamy, anger and sorrow were soon released by a blossoming wave of patriotism and national solidarity, and perhaps most importantly, the quest for retribution. Americans wanted to hit them as hard as they had been hit, in a full scale open war. However, I do firmly believe it is possible to combine the fight against terrorism using military might with a different kind of campaign: A social war against terrorism. And here is the fine point of it:

In order to win the war against terrorism, one must understand it - its motives, foundations and organisations. One must understand the basis on which Al Qaeda is dependant - the Arab community and the Muslim world. There are over one billion Muslims in the world, in which less than 1% take up arms to attack the west in the name of religion. Most of them are not willing to fight, and probably do not want to fight. It is extremely vital to make the distinction between a radical terrorist and a moderate, average Muslim. One is the enemy - trained, deadly, and a legitimate target of war. The other is a potential friend or foe depending on how you play your cards.

Al Qaeda is highly dependent on the Muslim world to be able to operate. It receives its funding from private donations and businesses in the middle east, new terrorists trainees are recruited from the masses, and Al Qaeda operatives hides among the civilian population. So what drives young Muslims to take the step from being moderate Muslims to be Al Qaeda operatives? What motivates them? Like any other national and ethnic group, Arabs feel a certain unity and shared feeling of identity, despite being spread across several countries and facing severe challenges in co-operation. When an Arab country is invaded however, some might feel that as an attack by the west upon the Arabs, regardless of the west’s actual motives. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941, and the attacks on New York and Washington in 2001, the US military experienced a wave of eager, patriotic volunteers. The attacks were seen as serious attacks by an outsider on the American community and nation. If patriotism had been a motivation before, it certainly didn’t become any less of a motivating force now.

This same effect can be seen in the middle east. For as much as Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to join World War II, he needed support from his population, - the average man in the street - like Bin Laden needs the support of the moderate Muslims to wage his war on the US. The invasion of Iraq and the campaign in Afghanistan has infuriated young Muslims to fight against what they see as aggression by the West. Consequently, the war in Iraq may have removed a terrorist ally, but it made recruitment easier for Al Qaeda. For Al Qaeda knows very well how to take advantage of these waves of new volunteers. Much of their recruiting takes place in Pakistan, the neighbouring country to Afghanistan. Religious schools in Pakistan - Madrasses - teaches youth the Quern by heart from an early age - but also intolerance and hatred towards the west. It is taught that America is the great Satan. After their graduation from these schools, many of the young Muslims cross the border into Afghanistan and go to Al Qaeda or former -Taliban service. The recent example was seen in Wana ( a tribal belt in North-West of Pakistan) where the same people who were trained by Pakistanis with the help of Americans back in Cold War days mostly Pakistanis and Afghans from Northern Pakistan fought there own army and called for ’jihad’, something which poses a new threat to Mushraff in Pakistan.

When America’s business in Iraq and Afghanistan almost exclusively included the use of brute military force - it underlined and gave credit to what the madrasses teach - that USA is a brutal and ruthless enemy which targets all Muslims. And here is the heart of the theory. Instead of merely battling the extremists, the radicals and the terrorists with military force, why not take away their ability to recruit new members? Why not go into Pakistan and show a good side of America, the personal freedom, tolerance and liberty that America is originally about. Why not build schools there, help the citizens get access to clean water, and spread good-will? That will signal to the area that Americans are not at all quite different from them, and that they are certainly not the Satan the madrasses teach them they are.