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Jinnah’s Ustaadi

Rehan Ansari February 11, 2002

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#114 Posted by priyavijayan on March 8, 2006 4:13:44 am
Re: # 99:
Hi Can you tell me when Ankur will be performing next in Delhi?
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#113 Posted by MantoLives on December 23, 2004 10:24:34 am
Jinnah WINS poll !

Jinnah the Greatest South Asian Leader ever: BBC POLL

http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4100961.stm?display=1
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#112 Posted by MantoLives on December 21, 2004 6:40:50 am
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_21-12-2004_pg3_2
My understanding is that the speech most accurately reflected the genius and innermost constitutional and liberal convictions of Jinnah. He had mobilised Muslims in the name of Islam to popularise the idea of Pakistan, but having won his objective against overwhelming odds, his celebrated political instinct and sagacity made him realise that the state should be a modern, democratic polity

It is a most welcome development that politicians and military in Pakistan want to elevate the August 11, 1947 address of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, to the members of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly, to the status of a national covenant. That it has taken more than fifty years to reach such a conclusion is indeed most intriguing. In that address the Quaid said, among other things, the following:

“You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed — that has nothing to do with the business of the State... We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State... I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in due course Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State.”

Examined in the background of the idea of and struggle for Pakistan, it would be highly dishonest not to admit that the vision he portrayed for the state he had founded was bound to be highly controversial. What he was proposing quite plainly and clearly was to supplant the notion of ‘Muslim nationalism’ with ‘Pakistani nationalism’.

This change was virtually a metamorphosis in terms of national identity, but the question arises, was it consistent with the main argument upon which the separatist demand for a Muslim state had been justified: that Muslims were a nation in their own right? It is important to note that when the speech was delivered to the Constituent Assembly many who were listening to it were stunned. The immediate thing which came to their mind was that if Pakistan was to be a state in which religion was to be a private matter then why was it necessary to divide India on a religious basis? The division had not been agreed easily and when it was implemented it caused gigantic problems of forced migration, religious riots and downright genocidal massacres. Several hundred thousand people died as a result.

Jinnah died on September 11, 1948 without having a chance to translate his speech into a constitutional formula. It is interesting to note that in an official collection of the speeches of Jinnah, Selected Speeches and Statements of the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, published by the Research Society of Pakistan in 1966, his August 11, 1947 speech was omitted altogether.

My own understanding is that the speech most accurately reflected the genius and innermost constitutional and liberal convictions of Jinnah. He had mobilised Muslims in the name of Islam to popularise the idea of Pakistan, but having won his objective against overwhelming odds, his celebrated political instinct and sagacity made him realise that such a state should be a modern, democratic polity.

Apart from the theoretical considerations that may have influenced the wording and message of the speech, we need also to take into account the historical context in which it was made. Communal violence was at its worst at that time. The Radcliffe Award was about to be announced (it was officially announced on August 17) and one could guess that it would result in population movement on a gigantic scale; Jinnah probably wanted to discourage mass migration, uprooting and further communal violence. However, it is doubtful whether in the wake of the communal riots such a prescription enjoyed much authority in Muslim-Pakistani society, his prestige and authority notwithstanding.

In a dramatic period of seven years beginning with the March 23, 1940 Lahore Resolution, but especially from the end of 1945 when the provincial election campaign began and until Pakistan became an independent state on August 14, 1947, the All-India Muslim League had mobilised Muslims of different sectarian and ideological preferences behind its campaign for a separate state for Muslims. Modernists, diehard clerics, communists and others jumped on to the Pakistan bandwagon, each group believing that its aspirations will be realised in that state.

Jinnah deliberately kept his idea of Pakistan vague and undefined. This becomes evident even from the statements of top Muslim League leaders. Thus, for example, the governor of Punjab, Sir Evan Jenkins, wrote in his confidential fortnightly report of February 28, 1947 to Viceroy Wavell about his meeting on February 18, with the Bengali Muslim League leader Khwaja Nazim ud Din, who was visiting Lahore at that time:

“In our first meeting Khwaja Nazim ud Din admitted candidly that he did not know what Pakistan means, and that nobody in the ML knew, so it was difficult for the League to carry on long-term negotiations with the minorities”.

Once independence had been achieved, differences over the relationship between Islam and politics quickly surfaced, revealing that the Muslim community was by no means a monolithic entity. Also, in 1947, 30 per cent of the Pakistan population comprised non-Muslims: 23 per cent in East Pakistan and 7 per cent in West Pakistan. It was not therefore an entirely Muslim state. Perhaps even more crucially, the successor governments felt an acute need to distinguish Pakistan from India. Relations with the big neighbour in the east had soured considerably because of the conflicting claims to territory, division of common colonial assets and the violent conflict over Kashmir that resulted in a prolonged military confrontation between the two states in the territories of that princely state. All these factors greatly complicated the problem of national identity of Pakistan.

In a series of forthcoming articles, we will examine in the context of national identity the following three main responses to the August 11, 1947 speech from different sections of Pakistani society:

Pakistan should be a modern Islamic democracy

Pakistan should be an Islamic state based on Shariah

Pakistan should be a secular democracy

In the final article we shall examine the merits of each of these three positions, and attempt a theoretical discussion on how to resolve the controversy in the best interest of Pakistan. Pakistan needs to find an ideology that can help it cope with the challenges of the 21st century.

The author is an associate professor of political science at Stockholm University. He is the author of two books. His email address is Ishtiaq.Ahmed@statsvet.su.se
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#111 Posted by subroto on February 19, 2002 12:24:07 pm
Re Stuka # 104

``Another military brat joins Chowk. Welcome welcome``

Er, vaise to hum bhi fauji brat biradiri wale .. pur ab to brat wali age limit kai decades say ..

Who knows kabhi aap logon ko DSOI may dekha ho..vaise bahut time ho gaya

And surprise from me too - Vadas in Vasant Vihar?? I don`t know if the Malabar is still there in Yusuf Sarai market but a great place for Appams & Chicken Curry, also had a place nearby called Bharatiyam - extremely unhygenic looking but great food.

S



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#110 Posted by Prem on February 19, 2002 3:01:58 am
re: roohi # 109

Wow, roohi...you brought such delightful memories flooding back.

Have you had an opportunity to visit Hemkund sahib? I have had the privilege and the pleasure to do so.

Roohi, if you haven`t, please see if you can make an arrangement to go there. I have trekked to both Hemkund sahib and to the Valley of Flowers. The climb to Hemkund sahib is longer and much tougher, but ofcourse, sitting by the warm spring, one experiences an ineffable sense of achievement at the end of one`s labor. When I visited, the Valley was in bloom! Every KIND of color was spread out before me, a multi-colored, swaying, hypnotic carpet as it were...the wind was cool and strong, and snow-covered view all around the valley was breath-taking. I remember things in my mind as if it was yesterday....though it`s been close to 15 years! I recall drinking the freezing cold tap water very early morning when we left Gangharia (the website you listed calls the place Govind Dham, which may well be its new (better) name), the climb, the aching legs, my lousy shoes, broad strap of the heavy rucksack...I can feel even today the distinct apprehension about making it up quickly enough so the weather wouldn`t deteriorate on the way.

BTW, when I visited the valley, entrance was free - at least I don`t recall paying anybody anything.

Regards.



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#109 Posted by veeresh on February 19, 2002 3:01:58 am


yes anNy yes, I am most mortified . . . especially when I realise that all your angoors, chabelis, orchids and Pakistani men were originally . . . Indians. (Hindus)

(Takes a bow)

(Applause)

Forgive me, early in the morning here.

But the current Pakistani television and film superstar, one Pervez Musharaf, is also from Delhi.

So there.

(When I was young I wore bell bottoms)



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#108 Posted by ZafarA on February 19, 2002 3:01:58 am
Reply Stuka # 106

“Ok, I give up. What is a Hema Malini from Bhogal??”

Bete, hamare bachpan men Bhogal men ganne ka ras bechthe thhe. One enterprising stall keeper called “different sugar cane juices” by film star’s names…so you could buy a Hema Malini, a Poonam, etc. etc. Your Veeresh Unkil will be able to tell you more about this.

Actually, I suspect that the glasses were all the same size…there was some masla with iss men yeh dalthe hain, aur uss men kuchh aur, but I think the whole thing was a scam to charge different prices for your basic gilaas of ganne ka ras (with adrak).

“Arrey, I don`t even know what BM stands for? Are you talking about Bengali Market?”

Yes! Aaj main bahuth khush hoon…bachche ko apni sanskriti ke bare men kuchh tho malum hai…



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#107 Posted by roohi on February 19, 2002 3:01:58 am
stuka, i did go to APS delhi and to eat vadas in VV you would have to have a friend called called vijaylaxmi who lived there - so at least coconut grove is still there - love their malabar paranthas ! btw i missed X - for south ex ofcourse



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#106 Posted by roohi on February 18, 2002 6:18:57 pm
anNy - don`t know or care about the men - but your tastes in flowers are a little vilayti !

What is wrong with Bela, Gulab, Juhi, Champa, Chameli (oh you had that one) or Nargis or Harshingar ? or if you like them bright maybe an armful of gulmohar, amaltaash or good old sarson ?

I`m sure they grow as well across the border !

Anyway if you like flowers a soul stirringly beautiful place to trek to is the Valley of Flowers National Park at the headwaters of the Ganga near Hemkunt Sahib. Here is a link to some pictures and info

http://www.sikhnet.com/hemkuntsahib/valley.htm

enjoy !



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#105 Posted by stuka on February 18, 2002 6:18:57 pm
Zafar:

Tell me what a Hema Malini from Bhogul is – then

you can talk.

Ok, I give up. What is a Hema Malini from Bhogal??

(Hamare zamane mein Hyatt Shyatt illa…youth of today has no

concept of struggle…beta, life isn’t all g-jams at BM, understand?)

Arrey, I don`t even know what BM stands for? Are you talking about Bengali Market? BTW, I just went thru Roohi`s culinary list...and I don`t get where she is talking about when she says V- Vadas in Vasant Vihar.

My best bet for Vadas would be Sagar in Def Col. Waise best South Indian non veg food I had was at Coconut Grove in Delhi.



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#104 Posted by stuka on February 18, 2002 6:18:57 pm
Veeresh:

Bhai, I did go to Mezz last time. I don`t know...didn`t like it too much. I couldn`t figure out, is the damn place a club or a bar or a lounge. I mean, if you`re gonna have loud music that drowns out conversation, might as well have a dance floor. But if this is a place to unwind, then keep the music lowkey, so you can at least talk without yelling yourself hoarse. Ii don`t know...just some thoughts..

Club wise, I like Djinns, even though the floor is a bit small. To have a drink, no civil place even comes close to the small bar at the Army Battle Honor`s Mess on SP Marg



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#103 Posted by stuka on February 18, 2002 6:18:57 pm
Roohi (what a nice name BTW)

``thanks and no i didn`t live in south delhi - but in the Cantt (Dhaula

Kuan and Pratap Chowk)``

Ofcourse I know the area quite well. I used to live at Air Force Palam for the longest time, which is also in Delhi Cantt, Past Loreto and Mount St Mary`s. I remember Gopinath Bazaar quite well. Then moved to Arjun Vihar, which is right opposite the Army Golf Course.

``but being an old dilli wali family we had

regular trips to the big old (crumbling) family home on rohtak road

in Karol Bagh (behind Ajmal Khan Park) and lived there after my

Dad retired from the army.``

Another military brat joins Chowk. Welcome welcome. I know exactly what you are talking about. For us, the old family home is Lajpat Nagar. BTW, ``old dilli wali wali`` is quite a relative term on Chowk. The Punjabi refugees are considered newbies I guess, compared to some of the discussions on Delhi that have taken place.

``Of course by now all my cousins have

moved to South Delhi :-). I went to APS, Sophia (in Meerut, where

my Mum is from, in hostel) DPS (mathrua rd)and Miranda House

and worked at NIIT before leaving 10 years ago.``

Ok, so I guess you didn`t go to APS Delhi then. I went to Air Force Bal Bharati on Lodi Rd.

`` delhi must look lovely right now with the roundells full of flowers -

i`d love to beam back just for the Surajkund Mela - so all you

people there who do go to it have a Lassi for me !``

I got back from Delhi a month back. January is not a good time to go I think. But March is nice, and one can play Holi. Culinary experience wise, anyone ever go for Momos at this market next to Chanakya movie theatre?



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#102 Posted by stuka on February 18, 2002 6:18:57 pm
AnNy:

``..pakistani men are the sexiest men ever...i refuse to listen to any arguements here``

Well, if that`s the case, why do Pakistani women fall all over themselves trying to hitch up with Khar Sahib, the old ``Loin`` of Punjab? Would you consider him to be the acme of Male Pakistani sex appeal ??? :)



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#101 Posted by anNy on February 18, 2002 11:16:43 am
veeresh

have you seen our angoor you silly man..have u any idea about the beautiful chambeli and orchids we grow?...tobah..and men..pakistani men are the sexiest men ever...i refuse to listen to any arguements here



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#100 Posted by monasehgal on February 18, 2002 11:16:43 am
veeresh

I guess, the trafic jam you are talking of is on the day after the Valentine Day. The rush was due to all those weddings taking place. We too got stuck first at Naraina while going to CP for a wedding and later near Zakira while going to Punjabi Bagh where there were four weddings taking place in one park.

Mona



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#99 Posted by aakar on February 18, 2002 11:16:43 am
rehan

naseeruddin shah has begun a v interesting experiment with manto`s and chughtai`s works. saw part ii at prithvi last night, on the stories for which they were charged with obscenity and an enactment of the lahore court`s proceedings.

the monologues are mainly by his daughter heeba and my college roommate ankur vikal (saeed mirza who was with me said ankur is the best young actor he has seen in the last decade).

try and catch the show if u can.

1) ismat aapa key naam

2) manto, ismat haazir ho

aakar



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