My Boy, Jonaid
synthetic,burger family,misses the root causes,gets lost in the woods and sees the trees but not the woods.
fails to keep the larger perspective in mind about how the pakistani army used poor mans son as cannon fodder in the so called jihad.
chowk staff needs to be more choosy in publishing such myopic , pure and absolute non sense.
she is the typical mediocre type we see in lahore and islamabad chilling out at hot spot.
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 16, 2009 10:29 am
never read a more superficial piece of writing on chowk or anywhere else.synthetic,burger family,misses the root causes,gets lost in the woods and sees the trees but not the woods.
fails to keep the larger perspective in mind about how the pakistani army used poor mans son as cannon fodder in the so called jihad.
chowk staff needs to be more choosy in publishing such myopic , pure and absolute non sense.
she is the typical mediocre type we see in lahore and islamabad chilling out at hot spot.
Jinnah to Jihad
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 6, 2009 02:57 am
malik saeed looks like a paid paki intelligence tout
Jinnah to Jihad
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 6, 2009 02:56 am
malik saeed is a kaddu who does not know the rear or front of kashmir.rajauri,poonch,jammu,riasi,large parts of neelum valley and dodha are punjabi speaking.even the valley kashmiris are linguistically very close to punjabis.a very large part of valley kashmiris are settled in punjab , so there is a vested punjabi interest.malik saeed needs to educate himself first.may be its a case of a slightly retarded special child .i sympathise with this naieve malik.
Waziristan Operation is a Faux Pas
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 19, 2009 01:46 am
abay mirzai , tu kahan say a giya.pakistans tragedy is that mirzais are terribly afraid of taliban.then we have shia channels like dawn and express and all things are said with ulterior motives.below is a quote from ravi rikhye.one should read all sides views but u murtids are a really jaundiced lot.
Remembering the Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi, Churchill and Jinnah
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 22, 2008 12:58 am
the bottom line is that Dyer was rehabilitated by the house of lords and presented a sword.already he was low medical category and about to retire.
Remembering the Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi, Churchill and Jinnah
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 22, 2008 12:57 am
the bottom line is that Dyer was rehabilitated by the house of lords and presented a sword.already he was low medical category and about to retire.
Remembering the Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi, Churchill and Jinnah
A.H Amin
June 2000
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Sir,
I was deeply impressed by the excellent article by Mr "X" published in
your journal, the readers who have a pretty vague idea about the
subcontinent and may form outwardly correct but essentially erroneous
conclusions, which may be unfair to Punjab's role in Indo Pak history.
I may add that my intention in making these points is in no way to
prove that the worthy author does not know his subject. Indeed as
earlier stated, I have been deeply impressed by his grasp of Indian
history and some very thought provoking remarks that he has made about
the civil military relations in Punjab. The author has done an
excellent job despite the fact that it is no mean job to understand
Punjab history while being based away from there.
Firstly the politics of Punjab right from the advent of the Muslim
invaders in the tenth century was highly complicated. It was this
particular situation which played the most significant role in Punjab's
remaining loyal in First World War rather than all British measures.
The British it may be noted inherited the situation once they annexed
Punjab in 1849. They exploited it to full advantage. Punjab was
initially a Hindu majority province in the tenth century. By the
seventeenth century it became a Muslim majority area as a result of
efforts of Muslim missionaries. This has been well covered by various
British authors like "The Preaching of Islam" by the famous Professor
T.W Arnold of Magdalene College, a distinguished figure of the "School
of Oriental Studies" at the University of London (Page-197 - Aligarh -
The First Generation - David Lelyveld-Princeton University-1978). The
foundation of the Sikh religion in the early sixteenth century by Guru
Nanak (1469-1538) and his successors further complicated the communal
equation. The Sikhs a purely Punjabi religion came in conflict with the
Muslim Mughal Government at Delhi from the period 1581-1606
(Refers-page-245-Cambridge History of India-The Mughal Period). They
were ruthlessly persecuted from 1606 to 1799 by first the Mughals till
1748 and then by the Afghan raider Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Sikhs
retaliated most resolutely and brilliantly and resorted to guerrilla
warfare as a result of which they became masters of Muslim majority
Punjab by 1809 under the brilliant Ranjit Singh. The US readers may
note that the Sikh number never exceeded the figure of 10.5% of the
total population of Punjab. (Census Report of Punjab-1881-Lahore.
Pages-14 & 15-David Lelyveld-Op Cit and Page-8- Prelude to
Partition-David Page-Oxford University Press-Karachi-1987). The Sikhs
whose holy places had been desecrated by the Muslims during the period
of conflict from 1606-1748 retaliated by turning many Muslim mosques
into stables and military stores magazines during their rule, which
lasted, from 1799-1849. Once the English East India Company got
involved in the Second Sikh War the Muslim feudals who were initially
Sikh vassals like the Taiwan's etc now defected to the British side and
played an active role in assisting the British in the final conquest of
Punjab. The Punjab Muslims about 54% of the province as it was in 1919
welcomed the British conquest of Punjab and hailed it. The British
followed a clever policy of rehabilitating the Sikhs and also restoring
Muslim places of worship. A subtle development followed. The Sikhs and
Muslims competed with each other in loyalty to the British, the Sikhs
in order to regain a part their lost total dominance and the Muslims to
gain their due share in terms of share in the population which had been
denied to them since 1799. It was this complex equation that ensured
that Punjab stayed loyal in 1857 and in WW One. The evidence about
Muslim Sikh hatred may be gauged from the 1947 riots in which at least
a million people were killed in Punjab once the British left India. The
Punjabi Hindus who were about 33.46% of the population gained the most
right from 1606 till 1947. Initially they stayed loyal to the Mughals
and retained their prosperous status. Later the Sikhs found the Hindus
better subjects than the Muslims and patronized them. Under the British
also the Hindus being a largely urban community gained the maximum
advantages accruing from Western education and commerce and stood out
as the richest and most educated community of Punjab in 1947.
A word about the observation on page-409-that the status of the rural
notables in Punjab did not deteriorate like that of their counterparts
in United Provinces (UP). This was a different story. The UP Taluqdars
gained as much out of British rule as the Punjabi feudals. After all
the province stood second after Punjab in recruitment drive in the
army. The decline of the United Provinces feudals started only after
1947 once the urban dominated Indian National Congress instituted land
reforms that deprived these feudals of a large part of their land. The
difference between Punjab and UP was the fact that UP by virtue of
having been colonized some 73 to 46 years (depending on the region)
earlier than the Punjab had a much larger literacy (Western Education)
rate and a much larger Hindu middle and independent professional and
business class which was educated and the feudals despite continuous
patronage by the British failed to do as well in Punjab in the
elections. In addition the province as compared to Punjab had a much
larger industrial base and thus a very large industrial worker class.
The Punjabi feudals had little future in Pakistan too since the
majority province East Pakistan was not feudal dominated. However, the
Punjabi feudals by combining with the civil military elite of West
Pakistani origin coerced the East Pakistanis to renounce their actual
majority in 1956 and thus ensured that the feudal hold was retained in
Pakistan. They also collaborated with all Pakistani military
governments and maintained their pre-1947 hold.
It is stated in the article that "Yet, despite all of this, the
colonial state in the Punjab seemed to have emerged in 1919 very much
intact and unweakened in any way". It did not happen this way. British
repressive policies in Punjab brought them in conflict with the more
aware urban populations of cities between Rivers Jhelum and Sutlej as a
result of which the British were confronted with the first serious
anti-British political agitation in Punjab as a result of which martial
law was imposed in Punjab. Property worth many millions was destroyed
or looted (including an American missionary's house and his mission's
excellent hospital which was giving free treatment to the poor in
Chuhar Kanna). (Refers-Page-271- "Disorders Inquiry
Committee-1919-1920-Report" - British Perspective-Volume Two
-Superintendent Government of India Press-Calcutta-1920). Amritsar city
was handed over to the army where at least 379 peaceful demonstrators
were killed (Refers-Page-187-1919 Disorders Inquiry Committee Report)
by the British-Indian troops, communications all over the province were
attacked (Refers-Page-railway stations were attacked and Gujranwala
town was bombed by the Royal Air Force. Summary Military courts were
set up which sentenced 108 people to be executed out which at least 23
were maintained while remaining were converted to transportation for
life to the Andaman Islands! (Refers-Page-235-1919 Disorders Inquiry
Committee Report-Op Cit). At least 258 people as per official report
were sentenced to be flogged from 5 to 30 times (Page-231-1919
Disorders Inquiry Committee report) and a large number were publicly
flogged with posteriors naked ( I can send you some photographs if you
like). Other punishments like crawling in the streets rather than
walking were imposed on common people! In short a province that had
been most loyal to the Empire was handled so injudiciously by two hot
headed Irishmen i.e. Governor Michael O Dwyer and Brigadier Dyer that
the British lost a great part of the goodwill that had been created
through tangible well meaning and just measures of so many Britishers
from 1849 till 1919! Such was the Punjabi indignation that Michael O
Dwyer the hero of the article was shot to death by a Punjabi student (IT HAD TO BE A PUJABI SIKH, ALTHOUGH THE SAME RACE BUT DIFFEENT RELIGION AS PUNJABI MUSLIMS WERE QUITE HOPELESS POLITICALLY)
studying engineering in London in 1940! The Punjabi Sikh student who was hanged
within a month stated at his trial that he was avenging Jallianwalla
Firing and the outrages committed on Dyers orders in 1919. The urban
population was alienated and the anti-British congress emerged as the
second largest party in the 1936 elections. The British
policy was efficient but short sighted and in the long run failed as
later events proved. The Punjab disturbances of 1919 shook their
confidence and certainly weakened their hold on India. In Second World
War their recruiting drive in Punjab was based on the slogan of
self-rule and was a negation of all imperialist ideals! The Duke of
Connaught on eve of inauguration of the Indian Legislature stated that
"the shadow of Amritsar lengthened over the fair face of India"
(Refers-Page-347-India-A Modern History-T.G.P Spear-University of
Michigan-Reprinted India-1989).
There is another important point that the writer has missed. Punjab as
a province was a British creation. There were at least four different
ethnic groups in Punjab. The Punjabis in the areas between Indus and
Sutlej and Jamna rivers in the northern half of Punjab, the Hindustani
enclave of Ambala division which was not Punjabi, the Seraiki speaking
areas of the south, again distinct from Punjabis and the pastoral
Baloch tribes in the southern part of the province. The major
recruitment took place only in two of these four ethnic groups i.e the
Punjabis and the Hindustani districts, which had been transferred to
Punjab as a punishment for having taken part in the rebellion of 1857.
Chhottu Ram who belonged to this region was not a Punjabi. Then there
was another major motivation in joining the army i.e. economic. This
motivation had an important region specific characteristic, which has
not been described by the author. This was confined only to districts
with rain irrigated and barren lands north of river Jhelum including
northern part of Shahpur and one subdivision of District Gujrat which
is south of river Jhelum, or to the Hindustani districts (Hissar,
Rohtak Gurgaon and large parts of Karnal) of the south east part which
consisted of the most barren and non-productive land of the province.
The areas south of these rivers were less keen in contributing recruits
for the fighting arms. Thus Lahore district's performance was most
pathetic; keeping in view the fact that it was population wise one of
the biggest districts of Punjab did not contribute as many recruits as
expected. Thus the British report of Services Rendered by the Lahore
district observed that "As compared with other districts the recruiting
activities of Lahore district were not as good as could be desired. The
villagers in the neighbourhood of Lahore city did not readily enlist in
the combatant ranks, they made too good a living as daily labourer in
and about the city to think of entering the service" (Refers-Short
Record of the War Services Rendered by the Lahore District-1914-1919-
Compiled in the Deputy Commissioner's Office, Lahore, Punjab-Printed at
Mufeed I Aam Press-Lahore-1919-Punjab Public Library-World War One
Section-Lahore).
There was a very important qualitative motivational difference in the
motivation to join the army in the Sikhs and the Punjabis, which should
have been pointed out. The Sikh motivation to join the army had a
definite link with their minority status. This produced in them an
intense feeling to improve their political and economic standing
vis-a-vis the two larger groups i.e. the Punjabi Muslims and Hindus.
Thus the Sikhs despite being only around 10.5% contributed 88,000
combatants to the army while the Muslims despite being a 54% group
contributed only 136,000 recruits! This had two reasons first was the
Sikh preponderance in fighting arm units before the war over the
Punjabi Muslims as well as their feeling of relative insecurity as a
minority community. Despite all this loyalty the Sikh quota was
relatively reduced after the war because of the significant role that
some Sikhs had played in the Ghadar Movements. Here it would be
interesting for the American readers to note that it was the liberal
influence of USA which induced the Sikhs who had settled in California
to embark on the Ghadar Movement. The Ghadar party had its base in the
US West region, where it was founded on 21 April 1913 at Astoria
(Oregon State) by Punjabi immigrants (mostly Sikh who had reached
California as farm labourers or exiles before WW One) Refers-Page 262-A
Dictionary of Modern Indian History-Parshotam Mehra-Oxford University
Press-Madras-1985).
The author did not discuss the role of the British system of class
composition of Indian units in preventing rebellion. The same is true
for the activities of the Ghadar Party activists in the army and
certain military mutinies in units recruited from races inhabiting
Punjab and their effect on the class composition of the post-1918
Indian Army have also not been discussed. The British were greatly
helped in the mixed class composition of Indian Army to which they had
resorted from the period 1864-1885. This system played a major part in
preventing mutiny in the Indian Army. Under this system the vast bulk
of cavalry and infantry units consisted of different companies of
various classes in any single unit. Like a unit with two Sikh and two
Punjabi Muslim Companies. A unit with a Pathan Muslim and a Dogra Hindu
Squadron etc. This ensured that the Muslims would not combine with the
Sikhs and the Sikhs would be too eager to report in case the Muslims
were up to something nasty! This system proved a success in WW One. On
the other hand the experiment of having one-class units failed. Thus
129 Baluchis which was one of the very few "All Muslim Units" was made
a mixed class unit after the war. This happened since many of its
Pathans defected to the German lines in France. The 15 Lancers which
was an "All Muslim Unit" was disbanded after the war since its Pathan
Muslim Squadrons resisted orders to fight the Turks in Mesopotamia. The
5th Light Infantry which was an "All Muslim Unit" with two companies of
Ranghar Muslims from Punjab province mutinied en masse at Singapore in
1915 and was disbanded after the war. Thus after the war with the
exception of one infantry unit all fighting arm units were made mixed
class units. The Ghadar Party infiltrators penetrated Indian Army and
did partially succeed in subverting 23rd Punjab Cavalry (this scribes
unit) where at least 12 soldiers were court martialled and executed
(Refers-Page-141-An Account of the Ghadar Conspiracy-1913-15-F.C
Isemonger and J. Slattery-Lahore-1919 and Page-8-A Short History of 11
Cavalry (Frontier Force-Lieut Colonel Mohammad Khalid-Privately
Published-Quetta-1999-Copy held by this scribe).
Later research proved that the most crucial role was played by the
pre-war existing Indian Army in October-December 1914 in Ypres area
where the British Second Corps was at its last gasp at Ypres at a time
when in words of the official British historian, "The position was
critical, for the allies were outnumbered and outgunned. There was no
prospect for several days while it was known that the enemy was
bringing up large bodies of troops from the east" (Page-23-The Indian
Corps in France-Lieutenant Colonel J.W.B Merwether and Right Honourable
Sir Frederick Smith-John Murray-Ablemarle Street-London-1919.). The
reinforcements later sent played a significant but not as decisive a
role as that by the Indian Corps at Ypres in October-December 1914.
The real reason why Punjab responded to the British war effort lay in
four factors. Firstly, an excellent British policy to bring prosperity
in Punjab by excavating canals which was initiated in 1852. Recruitment
to the army in increased numbers from 1857, and grant of lands as
reward of war services was initiated in 1858 and brought great
prosperity to the provinces populace residing in the barren poor and
non-productive regions of the northern and south eastern districts of
Punjab. Secondly, the extreme political backwardness of Punjab in terms
of education by virtue of being the last region to be captured by the
British and being under hold of feudal lords who discouraged spread of
Western education. This system enabled the feudal lords to act as
recruiting agents for their own personal ends. The disturbances of 1919
it may be noted took place in the canal-irrigated areas and in cities
with the more aware and educated urban population.
Thirdly, the economic factor of getting land as a reward for war
services also played a major role in the motivation to get recruited.
This again was true for the people from the barren districts. Finally
it was the complex communal divide of the province with various ethnic
and religious groups and the sharp urban rural divide with the vast
bulk of the illiterate and poor rural population under total domination
of feudal lords and the extremely small intensely nationalistic and
anti-British educated urban population further reinforced by the highly
aware and over enthusiastic idealistic but highly unrealistic US and
Canadian Punjabi Sikh and Hindu Indian community.
The negative result of the whole affair for the British was the fact
that too many expectations were aroused. The Indians believed in vain
that India for its war services will "take a place among the nations
besides Canada, Australia and New Zealand, but India was bitterly
disappointed" as one Britisher admitted. (Refers-Page-411-A Matter of
Honour-Philip Mason-Jonathan Cape and Bedford-London-1974) Once these
expectations were not fulfilled disturbances started in India and these
started from Punjab which had suffered the most in terms of casualties
in the War in 1919. The foundation of modern anti-British political
mass agitation was thus laid in 1919. The British were forced to
introduce legislative government, forced to grant Indians commissions
in the Armed Forces which the military establishment had successfully
resisted from 1757 to 1917. In short the price that they paid was too
heavy and counter-productive. Michael O Dwyer the hot blooded Irishman
mishandled everything.
India in 1919 was an explosive place. While about 60,000 Indian
soldiers had died in WW One, some sixteen million Indians during the
same period had died of Influenza ! This was a greater number than
total dead in all countries in WW One due to the war !
(Refers-Page-155-English History-1914-45-A.J.P Taylor-Penguin
Books-England-1977). The seeds of the anti British Indian politics were
planted by Michael O Dwyer and Dyer through out of proportion
enthusiasm in the recruiting drive and in unduly repressive measures in
1919. The British held on to India for 28 more years but they had lost
the goodwill and great admiration for their policies in Punjab so
painstakingly planted by a long list of British administrators from
1849 to 1914 through justice and fair play it takes many decades to
grow a forest but just one matchstick to burn the work of centuries.
How do I sum it up as a Pakistani? The only gainers in the whole
process were not the common men in Punjab but the Punjabi Muslim
feudals who have survived till todate and even today constitute an
important political force in Pakistani politics. They fooled the
British and the Pakistani masses whose leaders they became after 1947.
These Punjabi feudals served the Sikhs even when Sikhs used the Muslim
mosques as stables! They switched over to the British side once the
Sikh State was destroyed in 1849. They served the British once the
Bengal Army under a Muslim leadership rebelled in 1857. They served the
British in WW One and Two and got huge economic rewards in return.
About three years before Pakistan's creation they switched on to the
Muslim League a largely urban dominated party in 1944-47 and pushed the
relatively more enlightened Punjabi Muslim urban elite aside ! In the
period 1951-58 they betrayed the Muslim League and joined the civil
military bureaucratic clique of Pakistan. Todate their achievements
include collaboration with all martial law governments and dominance of
all democratically elected governments of Pakistan including the
present military government! I am a great admirer of late Abraham
Lincoln but I must admit as the Punjabi Muslim feudals have proved that
sometimes some people manage to fool all the people all the time!
Posted by
Diesel
Aug 22, 2008 12:55 am
Views on Impact of British Imperial Policy on West PunjabA.H Amin
June 2000
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Sir,
I was deeply impressed by the excellent article by Mr "X" published in
your journal, the readers who have a pretty vague idea about the
subcontinent and may form outwardly correct but essentially erroneous
conclusions, which may be unfair to Punjab's role in Indo Pak history.
I may add that my intention in making these points is in no way to
prove that the worthy author does not know his subject. Indeed as
earlier stated, I have been deeply impressed by his grasp of Indian
history and some very thought provoking remarks that he has made about
the civil military relations in Punjab. The author has done an
excellent job despite the fact that it is no mean job to understand
Punjab history while being based away from there.
Firstly the politics of Punjab right from the advent of the Muslim
invaders in the tenth century was highly complicated. It was this
particular situation which played the most significant role in Punjab's
remaining loyal in First World War rather than all British measures.
The British it may be noted inherited the situation once they annexed
Punjab in 1849. They exploited it to full advantage. Punjab was
initially a Hindu majority province in the tenth century. By the
seventeenth century it became a Muslim majority area as a result of
efforts of Muslim missionaries. This has been well covered by various
British authors like "The Preaching of Islam" by the famous Professor
T.W Arnold of Magdalene College, a distinguished figure of the "School
of Oriental Studies" at the University of London (Page-197 - Aligarh -
The First Generation - David Lelyveld-Princeton University-1978). The
foundation of the Sikh religion in the early sixteenth century by Guru
Nanak (1469-1538) and his successors further complicated the communal
equation. The Sikhs a purely Punjabi religion came in conflict with the
Muslim Mughal Government at Delhi from the period 1581-1606
(Refers-page-245-Cambridge History of India-The Mughal Period). They
were ruthlessly persecuted from 1606 to 1799 by first the Mughals till
1748 and then by the Afghan raider Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Sikhs
retaliated most resolutely and brilliantly and resorted to guerrilla
warfare as a result of which they became masters of Muslim majority
Punjab by 1809 under the brilliant Ranjit Singh. The US readers may
note that the Sikh number never exceeded the figure of 10.5% of the
total population of Punjab. (Census Report of Punjab-1881-Lahore.
Pages-14 & 15-David Lelyveld-Op Cit and Page-8- Prelude to
Partition-David Page-Oxford University Press-Karachi-1987). The Sikhs
whose holy places had been desecrated by the Muslims during the period
of conflict from 1606-1748 retaliated by turning many Muslim mosques
into stables and military stores magazines during their rule, which
lasted, from 1799-1849. Once the English East India Company got
involved in the Second Sikh War the Muslim feudals who were initially
Sikh vassals like the Taiwan's etc now defected to the British side and
played an active role in assisting the British in the final conquest of
Punjab. The Punjab Muslims about 54% of the province as it was in 1919
welcomed the British conquest of Punjab and hailed it. The British
followed a clever policy of rehabilitating the Sikhs and also restoring
Muslim places of worship. A subtle development followed. The Sikhs and
Muslims competed with each other in loyalty to the British, the Sikhs
in order to regain a part their lost total dominance and the Muslims to
gain their due share in terms of share in the population which had been
denied to them since 1799. It was this complex equation that ensured
that Punjab stayed loyal in 1857 and in WW One. The evidence about
Muslim Sikh hatred may be gauged from the 1947 riots in which at least
a million people were killed in Punjab once the British left India. The
Punjabi Hindus who were about 33.46% of the population gained the most
right from 1606 till 1947. Initially they stayed loyal to the Mughals
and retained their prosperous status. Later the Sikhs found the Hindus
better subjects than the Muslims and patronized them. Under the British
also the Hindus being a largely urban community gained the maximum
advantages accruing from Western education and commerce and stood out
as the richest and most educated community of Punjab in 1947.
A word about the observation on page-409-that the status of the rural
notables in Punjab did not deteriorate like that of their counterparts
in United Provinces (UP). This was a different story. The UP Taluqdars
gained as much out of British rule as the Punjabi feudals. After all
the province stood second after Punjab in recruitment drive in the
army. The decline of the United Provinces feudals started only after
1947 once the urban dominated Indian National Congress instituted land
reforms that deprived these feudals of a large part of their land. The
difference between Punjab and UP was the fact that UP by virtue of
having been colonized some 73 to 46 years (depending on the region)
earlier than the Punjab had a much larger literacy (Western Education)
rate and a much larger Hindu middle and independent professional and
business class which was educated and the feudals despite continuous
patronage by the British failed to do as well in Punjab in the
elections. In addition the province as compared to Punjab had a much
larger industrial base and thus a very large industrial worker class.
The Punjabi feudals had little future in Pakistan too since the
majority province East Pakistan was not feudal dominated. However, the
Punjabi feudals by combining with the civil military elite of West
Pakistani origin coerced the East Pakistanis to renounce their actual
majority in 1956 and thus ensured that the feudal hold was retained in
Pakistan. They also collaborated with all Pakistani military
governments and maintained their pre-1947 hold.
It is stated in the article that "Yet, despite all of this, the
colonial state in the Punjab seemed to have emerged in 1919 very much
intact and unweakened in any way". It did not happen this way. British
repressive policies in Punjab brought them in conflict with the more
aware urban populations of cities between Rivers Jhelum and Sutlej as a
result of which the British were confronted with the first serious
anti-British political agitation in Punjab as a result of which martial
law was imposed in Punjab. Property worth many millions was destroyed
or looted (including an American missionary's house and his mission's
excellent hospital which was giving free treatment to the poor in
Chuhar Kanna). (Refers-Page-271- "Disorders Inquiry
Committee-1919-1920-Report" - British Perspective-Volume Two
-Superintendent Government of India Press-Calcutta-1920). Amritsar city
was handed over to the army where at least 379 peaceful demonstrators
were killed (Refers-Page-187-1919 Disorders Inquiry Committee Report)
by the British-Indian troops, communications all over the province were
attacked (Refers-Page-railway stations were attacked and Gujranwala
town was bombed by the Royal Air Force. Summary Military courts were
set up which sentenced 108 people to be executed out which at least 23
were maintained while remaining were converted to transportation for
life to the Andaman Islands! (Refers-Page-235-1919 Disorders Inquiry
Committee Report-Op Cit). At least 258 people as per official report
were sentenced to be flogged from 5 to 30 times (Page-231-1919
Disorders Inquiry Committee report) and a large number were publicly
flogged with posteriors naked ( I can send you some photographs if you
like). Other punishments like crawling in the streets rather than
walking were imposed on common people! In short a province that had
been most loyal to the Empire was handled so injudiciously by two hot
headed Irishmen i.e. Governor Michael O Dwyer and Brigadier Dyer that
the British lost a great part of the goodwill that had been created
through tangible well meaning and just measures of so many Britishers
from 1849 till 1919! Such was the Punjabi indignation that Michael O
Dwyer the hero of the article was shot to death by a Punjabi student (IT HAD TO BE A PUJABI SIKH, ALTHOUGH THE SAME RACE BUT DIFFEENT RELIGION AS PUNJABI MUSLIMS WERE QUITE HOPELESS POLITICALLY)
studying engineering in London in 1940! The Punjabi Sikh student who was hanged
within a month stated at his trial that he was avenging Jallianwalla
Firing and the outrages committed on Dyers orders in 1919. The urban
population was alienated and the anti-British congress emerged as the
second largest party in the 1936 elections. The British
policy was efficient but short sighted and in the long run failed as
later events proved. The Punjab disturbances of 1919 shook their
confidence and certainly weakened their hold on India. In Second World
War their recruiting drive in Punjab was based on the slogan of
self-rule and was a negation of all imperialist ideals! The Duke of
Connaught on eve of inauguration of the Indian Legislature stated that
"the shadow of Amritsar lengthened over the fair face of India"
(Refers-Page-347-India-A Modern History-T.G.P Spear-University of
Michigan-Reprinted India-1989).
There is another important point that the writer has missed. Punjab as
a province was a British creation. There were at least four different
ethnic groups in Punjab. The Punjabis in the areas between Indus and
Sutlej and Jamna rivers in the northern half of Punjab, the Hindustani
enclave of Ambala division which was not Punjabi, the Seraiki speaking
areas of the south, again distinct from Punjabis and the pastoral
Baloch tribes in the southern part of the province. The major
recruitment took place only in two of these four ethnic groups i.e the
Punjabis and the Hindustani districts, which had been transferred to
Punjab as a punishment for having taken part in the rebellion of 1857.
Chhottu Ram who belonged to this region was not a Punjabi. Then there
was another major motivation in joining the army i.e. economic. This
motivation had an important region specific characteristic, which has
not been described by the author. This was confined only to districts
with rain irrigated and barren lands north of river Jhelum including
northern part of Shahpur and one subdivision of District Gujrat which
is south of river Jhelum, or to the Hindustani districts (Hissar,
Rohtak Gurgaon and large parts of Karnal) of the south east part which
consisted of the most barren and non-productive land of the province.
The areas south of these rivers were less keen in contributing recruits
for the fighting arms. Thus Lahore district's performance was most
pathetic; keeping in view the fact that it was population wise one of
the biggest districts of Punjab did not contribute as many recruits as
expected. Thus the British report of Services Rendered by the Lahore
district observed that "As compared with other districts the recruiting
activities of Lahore district were not as good as could be desired. The
villagers in the neighbourhood of Lahore city did not readily enlist in
the combatant ranks, they made too good a living as daily labourer in
and about the city to think of entering the service" (Refers-Short
Record of the War Services Rendered by the Lahore District-1914-1919-
Compiled in the Deputy Commissioner's Office, Lahore, Punjab-Printed at
Mufeed I Aam Press-Lahore-1919-Punjab Public Library-World War One
Section-Lahore).
There was a very important qualitative motivational difference in the
motivation to join the army in the Sikhs and the Punjabis, which should
have been pointed out. The Sikh motivation to join the army had a
definite link with their minority status. This produced in them an
intense feeling to improve their political and economic standing
vis-a-vis the two larger groups i.e. the Punjabi Muslims and Hindus.
Thus the Sikhs despite being only around 10.5% contributed 88,000
combatants to the army while the Muslims despite being a 54% group
contributed only 136,000 recruits! This had two reasons first was the
Sikh preponderance in fighting arm units before the war over the
Punjabi Muslims as well as their feeling of relative insecurity as a
minority community. Despite all this loyalty the Sikh quota was
relatively reduced after the war because of the significant role that
some Sikhs had played in the Ghadar Movements. Here it would be
interesting for the American readers to note that it was the liberal
influence of USA which induced the Sikhs who had settled in California
to embark on the Ghadar Movement. The Ghadar party had its base in the
US West region, where it was founded on 21 April 1913 at Astoria
(Oregon State) by Punjabi immigrants (mostly Sikh who had reached
California as farm labourers or exiles before WW One) Refers-Page 262-A
Dictionary of Modern Indian History-Parshotam Mehra-Oxford University
Press-Madras-1985).
The author did not discuss the role of the British system of class
composition of Indian units in preventing rebellion. The same is true
for the activities of the Ghadar Party activists in the army and
certain military mutinies in units recruited from races inhabiting
Punjab and their effect on the class composition of the post-1918
Indian Army have also not been discussed. The British were greatly
helped in the mixed class composition of Indian Army to which they had
resorted from the period 1864-1885. This system played a major part in
preventing mutiny in the Indian Army. Under this system the vast bulk
of cavalry and infantry units consisted of different companies of
various classes in any single unit. Like a unit with two Sikh and two
Punjabi Muslim Companies. A unit with a Pathan Muslim and a Dogra Hindu
Squadron etc. This ensured that the Muslims would not combine with the
Sikhs and the Sikhs would be too eager to report in case the Muslims
were up to something nasty! This system proved a success in WW One. On
the other hand the experiment of having one-class units failed. Thus
129 Baluchis which was one of the very few "All Muslim Units" was made
a mixed class unit after the war. This happened since many of its
Pathans defected to the German lines in France. The 15 Lancers which
was an "All Muslim Unit" was disbanded after the war since its Pathan
Muslim Squadrons resisted orders to fight the Turks in Mesopotamia. The
5th Light Infantry which was an "All Muslim Unit" with two companies of
Ranghar Muslims from Punjab province mutinied en masse at Singapore in
1915 and was disbanded after the war. Thus after the war with the
exception of one infantry unit all fighting arm units were made mixed
class units. The Ghadar Party infiltrators penetrated Indian Army and
did partially succeed in subverting 23rd Punjab Cavalry (this scribes
unit) where at least 12 soldiers were court martialled and executed
(Refers-Page-141-An Account of the Ghadar Conspiracy-1913-15-F.C
Isemonger and J. Slattery-Lahore-1919 and Page-8-A Short History of 11
Cavalry (Frontier Force-Lieut Colonel Mohammad Khalid-Privately
Published-Quetta-1999-Copy held by this scribe).
Later research proved that the most crucial role was played by the
pre-war existing Indian Army in October-December 1914 in Ypres area
where the British Second Corps was at its last gasp at Ypres at a time
when in words of the official British historian, "The position was
critical, for the allies were outnumbered and outgunned. There was no
prospect for several days while it was known that the enemy was
bringing up large bodies of troops from the east" (Page-23-The Indian
Corps in France-Lieutenant Colonel J.W.B Merwether and Right Honourable
Sir Frederick Smith-John Murray-Ablemarle Street-London-1919.). The
reinforcements later sent played a significant but not as decisive a
role as that by the Indian Corps at Ypres in October-December 1914.
The real reason why Punjab responded to the British war effort lay in
four factors. Firstly, an excellent British policy to bring prosperity
in Punjab by excavating canals which was initiated in 1852. Recruitment
to the army in increased numbers from 1857, and grant of lands as
reward of war services was initiated in 1858 and brought great
prosperity to the provinces populace residing in the barren poor and
non-productive regions of the northern and south eastern districts of
Punjab. Secondly, the extreme political backwardness of Punjab in terms
of education by virtue of being the last region to be captured by the
British and being under hold of feudal lords who discouraged spread of
Western education. This system enabled the feudal lords to act as
recruiting agents for their own personal ends. The disturbances of 1919
it may be noted took place in the canal-irrigated areas and in cities
with the more aware and educated urban population.
Thirdly, the economic factor of getting land as a reward for war
services also played a major role in the motivation to get recruited.
This again was true for the people from the barren districts. Finally
it was the complex communal divide of the province with various ethnic
and religious groups and the sharp urban rural divide with the vast
bulk of the illiterate and poor rural population under total domination
of feudal lords and the extremely small intensely nationalistic and
anti-British educated urban population further reinforced by the highly
aware and over enthusiastic idealistic but highly unrealistic US and
Canadian Punjabi Sikh and Hindu Indian community.
The negative result of the whole affair for the British was the fact
that too many expectations were aroused. The Indians believed in vain
that India for its war services will "take a place among the nations
besides Canada, Australia and New Zealand, but India was bitterly
disappointed" as one Britisher admitted. (Refers-Page-411-A Matter of
Honour-Philip Mason-Jonathan Cape and Bedford-London-1974) Once these
expectations were not fulfilled disturbances started in India and these
started from Punjab which had suffered the most in terms of casualties
in the War in 1919. The foundation of modern anti-British political
mass agitation was thus laid in 1919. The British were forced to
introduce legislative government, forced to grant Indians commissions
in the Armed Forces which the military establishment had successfully
resisted from 1757 to 1917. In short the price that they paid was too
heavy and counter-productive. Michael O Dwyer the hot blooded Irishman
mishandled everything.
India in 1919 was an explosive place. While about 60,000 Indian
soldiers had died in WW One, some sixteen million Indians during the
same period had died of Influenza ! This was a greater number than
total dead in all countries in WW One due to the war !
(Refers-Page-155-English History-1914-45-A.J.P Taylor-Penguin
Books-England-1977). The seeds of the anti British Indian politics were
planted by Michael O Dwyer and Dyer through out of proportion
enthusiasm in the recruiting drive and in unduly repressive measures in
1919. The British held on to India for 28 more years but they had lost
the goodwill and great admiration for their policies in Punjab so
painstakingly planted by a long list of British administrators from
1849 to 1914 through justice and fair play it takes many decades to
grow a forest but just one matchstick to burn the work of centuries.
How do I sum it up as a Pakistani? The only gainers in the whole
process were not the common men in Punjab but the Punjabi Muslim
feudals who have survived till todate and even today constitute an
important political force in Pakistani politics. They fooled the
British and the Pakistani masses whose leaders they became after 1947.
These Punjabi feudals served the Sikhs even when Sikhs used the Muslim
mosques as stables! They switched over to the British side once the
Sikh State was destroyed in 1849. They served the British once the
Bengal Army under a Muslim leadership rebelled in 1857. They served the
British in WW One and Two and got huge economic rewards in return.
About three years before Pakistan's creation they switched on to the
Muslim League a largely urban dominated party in 1944-47 and pushed the
relatively more enlightened Punjabi Muslim urban elite aside ! In the
period 1951-58 they betrayed the Muslim League and joined the civil
military bureaucratic clique of Pakistan. Todate their achievements
include collaboration with all martial law governments and dominance of
all democratically elected governments of Pakistan including the
present military government! I am a great admirer of late Abraham
Lincoln but I must admit as the Punjabi Muslim feudals have proved that
sometimes some people manage to fool all the people all the time!
Forgotten President & Shape of Things to Come?
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 29, 2008 10:09 am
bhai tu angrezzon ko jo daita hai
Forgotten President & Shape of Things to Come?
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 29, 2008 10:08 am
zeeemax teri sahi t____k_____i___N karta hai
Forgotten President & Shape of Things to Come?
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 29, 2008 10:08 am
yeh mian mian kaya karta hai g_______w____a____y , ahl e zaban bannna chahta hai
Forgotten President & Shape of Things to Come?
jab taqseem hoeee to bar i sagheeer i hind kay tamam muslamnan dalal yahan aaa gayayay
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 29, 2008 10:07 am
Re: # 67 oooay kadooo pakistan nay dollar kamanay ke liay dalali ki , it is actually Islamic Republic of Dallistanjab taqseem hoeee to bar i sagheeer i hind kay tamam muslamnan dalal yahan aaa gayayay
Forgotten President & Shape of Things to Come?
meray khayal say angrezoon ka teri ma kay saath kafi gehra talooq tha
zardari teri l_____y ga , lekin tera g_____n_______d______a bohat barra hai
Posted by
Diesel
Jun 29, 2008 10:04 am
hamidm2 meray khayal say angrezoon ka teri ma kay saath kafi gehra talooq tha
zardari teri l_____y ga , lekin tera g_____n_______d______a bohat barra hai
Children of the Streets
Chief of Army Staff
Rawalpindi.
From: Maj Retd Shamshad Ali Khan H
20-C Shahbaz Comercial Lane 1,
Phase 6 DHA Karachi.
Dear Sir,
I have decided to approach your good self in respect of a very serious situation being faced by retired officers. They are loosing there hard earned money to a criminal group of people sitting in Bacheki Nankana sahib. These people contact those officers who are in search of jobs and call them to Nankana sahib and deprive them of there entire assets.List of effected officers is attached they may be many more who have not reported their cases to concern authorities.Police Nab and ISI are aware of the issue but are not taking action against the culprits because it is believed that they have backing of some very powerful personality. I request you to arrest them through MI and retrieve the money looted by them. I am the last victim and deprived of 4 Lacs of Rs on 26th Feb, 2008. The brief descripition of the happening is given below.
The story started in the second week of January 08. An advertisement appeared in the Dawn for the employment of a Chief Security Officer in FWBL (First women Bank Limited).I am Sixty eight year of age and working in FWBL as Manager Security since last eleven years. I naturally thought that my job had come to an end.
As a strange coincident I received a call on my cell phone 0300-8291097 from Mr Chaudhry Abbas cell No 0300-9185488.He told me that Major Farooq (Retd) who was his good friend had recommended my name for the appointment as Manager administration with an Australian Oil Company and he belongs to Ali Group of Industries at Islamabad who are local agents of Australians. Since I could not place Major Farooq I ask him to give me time.
I then talked to Major Zahoor (Retd) who informed me that there was a Major Farooq in 25 cavalry who is now working in Gulf. On this information I accepted the offer and also because since my job was finishing. I thought almighty has opened another door for me.
In this respect I consulted all my friends and family members including Hasim Khan an Sharif-ul-Hassan, both belong to Oil and Gas industry. Sharif-ul-Hassan even talked to Chaudhry Abbas and informed me that he was not sure about the credentials of the Ali Group of Industries but there is no harm in going to Islamabad for an interview. All my other friends had also the same opinion. Even my female co- workers in the bank .
I booked a seat in Air Blue and informed Mr Abbas that I will be lending at Islamabad in 24 Feb,2008. He told me that I should come to Nankana sahib because the Manging Director Mian Azhar has reached there to inspect the Hotel project which Ali Industry managing. Abbas had earlier informed me that Ali Group is managing a 5 star.
I lended at Lahore Airport where a car was waiting for me which took me to Bucheki Nankana sahib and lodged (visiting card attached an annex A) me in rest house opposite to Ali Rice Industries was located.Ch Abbas came to welcomed me in the bed room and then requested me to come to the conference room for an interview with Mr Salahuddin General manager Ali Group of Industries. Salahudin interviewed me and selected me as General Manager Coordination at Karachi. He told me to wait for the Managing Director, till tomorrow who is the final authority for the employment.
On 25 Feb I was waiting along with Abbas for Mian Azhar in the conference room, where literature and maps related to Oil and Gas exploration were also placed. An old man with white beard entered the room who also want to meet Mian Azhar. Thereafter Salahudin entered the room and ask the old man that why he had come. He gave his purpose to that Salahudin answered that Mian Azhar is a busy man and he has no time to meet people with out appointment. The old man told him that he has come with an appointment and was interested in business with Mian Azhar. Salahudin asked him what sort of Business he wanted to do with him because Mian would like to know that. Haji Noor Muhammad the old man replied that he was interested to play race with Mian sahib and he had won Rs 20 Lacs 6 months ago. Salahudin remarked, ``so you have won to win 20 Lacs again`` how do you know that you will win again.You can also loose.He said no I will never loose. Salahudin then asked for his share.Oldman agreed to give him 50 %.
At this stage Salahudin turned to me and after reciting Kalams and God`s names he said since I was sitting there and Abbas was sitting with him therefore this 50% will be shared between 3 of us i.e Salahudin, Abbas and my self. I strongly reacted and said`` I have come for an interview and not to play a race and I am not going to accept any money at all. All three got together and told me that Mian sahib is a Multi Millionare and few Lacs does not matter to him and you must take this money and this is all fair.They kept on giving me arguments for half an hour. I was totally exhausted finally I agreed to take the money and give it to orphanage to Nankana sahib in their presence. After this deal Salahudin went out and came with Mian Azhar.Mian Azhar interviewd me and selected for the job with One Lac Rs as salary plus 50% house rent and a car at Karachi.
At this stage when he wanted to go out the oldman requested him to play race with him which I had never seen or heard in my life.
The old man took out a small box from his bag opened it and emptied red pebbles on the table. At this stage I was totally confused and did not know what they were doing. Azhar lost Rs 1 Lac to the old man. Azhar opened the briefcase which was full of currency and asked the old man to show 1 Lac on the table so that he can give him 1 Lac. The old man did that and Mian Azhar gave him a Lac Rs from his briefcase. In second game Azhar betted 20 lacs to which the old man did not agree because he did not have that much to show. Then Mian sahib gave him 48 hours to produce the money and show him against which Mian will give the betted amount to the oldman. For this deal the old man had to deposit his 2 Lacs with Mian Azhar, with a condition that if the old man failed to produce desired amount on the table after 48 hours. The 2 Lacs will be confiscated. The second game started after this deal. Mian Azhar lost 20 Lacs to the oldman and went away with 2 Lacs of Rs saying that after 48 hours the oldman should produce 18 Lacs because 2 Lacs are already with Mian Sahib and he will receive his 20 Lacs. There after the Mian left.
The old man then addressed Salahudin and said,`` I don’t have 18 Lacs and you help me out, Salahudin asked the old man that how much could he arrange. The old man agreed for 6 Lacs.Then Salahudin said ``I will arrange 6 Lacs Abbas will arrange 2 Lacs and Major Sahib if you can arrange please arrange 4 Lacs. I said I don’t have 4 Lacs I came here for an interview and not to participated in races. I have no money here and I cannot produce. All three of them again got together and started arguments and told me that we are not taking money from and the money was just to be shown to Mian sahib and you know that Mian sahib has lot of money. They pressured me so much that I lost control on my nerves and surrendered. They put me in a car and sent to Lahore so that I catch a flight to Karachi and come back with money on 26 Feb,08. While on road I decided to call my son in Karachi and asked him to send the Cheque book through First women bank to me. I came back to the rest house and informed Salahudin accordingly. Next day he sent me to Faisalabad form where I drew the cash and came back to Bucheki Nankana sahib. At about 1400 hours the old man also turned up with 6 lacs but Abbas came empty handed. Mian Azhar turned up 1500 hours and we sat in he same room. He was told by Salahudin that Noor Muhammad could not arrange 18 Lacs so myself and Major Sahib had help him and he can only show you 16 Lacs. Therefore take mercy on the old man and pay him 16 Lacs. Mian Azhar did not agree and cancelled the deal and confiscated Rs 2 Lacs. On this the Old man got very much worried and started praying that please do some thing and I cannot afford to loose 2 Lacs. On this Salahudin also requested to Mian Sahib to be mercyful to the old man. On this Mian Azhar said,� Ok you give me 16 Lacs and show me other 2 Lacs tomorrow but not here I am going to Karachi for a meeting with the delegation from Australia,�.And then addressed me and said,� You also go to Karachi now and you will get the appointment letter through TCS. Your meeting with the Australian is also important,�..
I was put in a car and sent to Lahore and finally reached Karachi at 2300 Hours on 26 Feb,08.
On 27 Feb in the evening Salahudin contacted me on my Cell phone and informed that he along with Mian Azhar were in Karachi, the old man is following with Rs 2 Lacs and you will get you money back. You will also meet the Australians once we finished the meeting with them. .On 29th in the evening I received a call from Mian Azhar at about 1800 hours that he needed my help and requested to send a mobile set (S 95) Nokia to Lahore for his wife through TCS self collection. At this stage I talked to Major General Mustafa (ISI) and I gave him the whole story how I had been cheated. I want his help in this respect.He told me to contact Brig Jamal (ISI) at Lahore.I talked to Major Zahoor and made a plan to apprehend Mr Rafiq the servant of Mian Azhar who would come to TCS to collect the set. Major Zahoor left Rawalpindi at 600 hours on Ist March (Saturday).I reached Lahore at 1200 hours the same day. Major Zahoor met Col Kayani who informed Zahoor that there was no need of sending mobile phone set because those people are sitting in Nankana sahib and no body can touch them. Because they have the backing of very strong personality. I met Col Kanayi at 1400 hours on Ist March who told me to contact Col Retd Latif in Pindi to get more details of the case. The story of Col Latif and eight others (list attached on Annex A) is so pathetic that I forgot about my case and decided to address this application to you because I feel that you will come up to help 9 victims who are retired officers and have been part of the army which you are commanding at the moment in way they are still part of the army.
To
Chief of Army Staff
Rawalpindi.
From: Maj Retd Shamshad Ali Khan
20-C Shahbaz Comercial Lane 1,
Phase 6 DHA Karachi.
Dear Sir,
I have decided to approach your good self in respect of a very serious situation being faced by retired officers. They are loosing there hard earned money to a criminal group of people sitting in Bacheki Nankana sahib. These people contact those officers who are in search of jobs and call them to Nankana sahib and deprive them of there entire assets.List of effected officers is attached they may be many more who have not reported their cases to concern authorities.Police Nab and ISI are aware of the issue but are not taking action against the culprits because it is believed that they have backing of some very powerful personality. I request you to arrest them through MI and retrieve the money looted by them. I am the last victim and deprived of 4 Lacs of Rs on 26th Feb, 2008. The brief descripition of the happening is given below.
The story started in the second week of January 08. An advertisement appeared in the Dawn for the employment of a Chief Security Officer in FWBL (First women Bank Limited).I am Sixty eight year of age and working in FWBL as Manager Security since last eleven years. I naturally thought that my job had come to an end.
As a strange coincident I received a call on my cell phone 0300-8291097 from Mr Chaudhry Abbas cell No 0300-9185488.He told me that Major Farooq (Retd) who was his good friend had recommended my name for the appointment as Manager administration with an Australian Oil Company and he belongs to Ali Group of Industries at Islamabad who are local agents of Australians. Since I could not place Major Farooq I ask him to give me time.
I then talked to Major Zahoor (Retd) who informed me that there was a Major Farooq in 25 cavalry who is now working in Gulf. On this information I accepted the offer and also because since my job was finishing. I thought almighty has opened another door for me.
In this respect I consulted all my friends and family members including Hasim Khan an Sharif-ul-Hassan, both belong to Oil and Gas industry. Sharif-ul-Hassan even talked to Chaudhry Abbas and informed me that he was not sure about the credentials of the Ali Group of Industries but there is no harm in going to Islamabad for an interview. All my other friends had also the same opinion. Even my female co- workers in the bank .
I booked a seat in Air Blue and informed Mr Abbas that I will be lending at Islamabad in 24 Feb,2008. He told me that I should come to Nankana sahib because the Manging Director Mian Azhar has reached there to inspect the Hotel project which Ali Industry managing. Abbas had earlier informed me that Ali Group is managing a 5 star.
I lended at Lahore Airport where a car was waiting for me which took me to Bucheki Nankana sahib and lodged (visiting card attached an annex A) me in rest house opposite to Ali Rice Industries was located.Ch Abbas came to welcomed me in the bed room and then requested me to come to the conference room for an interview with Mr Salahuddin General manager Ali Group of Industries. Salahudin interviewed me and selected me as General Manager Coordination at Karachi. He told me to wait for the Managing Director, till tomorrow who is the final authority for the employment.
On 25 Feb I was waiting along with Abbas for Mian Azhar in the conference room, where literature and maps related to Oil and Gas exploration were also placed. An old man with white beard entered the room who also want to meet Mian Azhar. Thereafter Salahudin entered the room and ask the old man that why he had come. He gave his purpose to that Salahudin answered that Mian Azhar is a busy man and he has no time to meet people with out appointment. The old man told him that he has come with an appointment and was interested in business with Mian Azhar. Salahudin asked him what sort of Business he wanted to do with him because Mian would like to know that. Haji Noor Muhammad the old man replied that he was interested to play race with Mian sahib and he had won Rs 20 Lacs 6 months ago. Salahudin remarked, ``so you have won to win 20 Lacs again`` how do you know that you will win again.You can also loose.He said no I will never loose. Salahudin then asked for his share.Oldman agreed to give him 50 %.
At this stage Salahudin turned to me and after reciting Kalams and God`s names he said since I was sitting there and Abbas was sitting with him therefore this 50% will be shared between 3 of us i.e Salahudin, Abbas and my self. I strongly reacted and said`` I have come for an interview and not to play a race and I am not going to accept any money at all. All three got together and told me that Mian sahib is a Multi Millionare and few Lacs does not matter to him and you must take this money and this is all fair.They kept on giving me arguments for half an hour. I was totally exhausted finally I agreed to take the money and give it to orphanage to Nankana sahib in their presence. After this deal Salahudin went out and came with Mian Azhar.Mian Azhar interviewd me and selected for the job with One Lac Rs as salary plus 50% house rent and a car at Karachi.
At this stage when he wanted to go out the oldman requested him to play race with him which I had never seen or heard in my life.
The old man took out a small box from his bag opened it and emptied red pebbles on the table. At this stage I was totally confused and did not know what they were doing. Azhar lost Rs 1 Lac to the old man. Azhar opened the briefcase which was full of currency and asked the old man to show 1 Lac on the table so that he can give him 1 Lac. The old man did that and Mian Azhar gave him a Lac Rs from his briefcase. In second game Azhar betted 20 lacs to which the old man did not agree because he did not have that much to show. Then Mian sahib gave him 48 hours to produce the money and show him against which Mian will give the betted amount to the oldman. For this deal the old man had to deposit his 2 Lacs with Mian Azhar, with a condition that if the old man failed to produce desired amount on the table after 48 hours. The 2 Lacs will be confiscated. The second game started after this deal. Mian Azhar lost 20 Lacs to the oldman and went away with 2 Lacs of Rs saying that after 48 hours the oldman should produce 18 Lacs because 2 Lacs are already with Mian Sahib and he will receive his 20 Lacs. There after the Mian left.
The old man then addressed Salahudin and said,`` I don’t have 18 Lacs and you help me out, Salahudin asked the old man that how much could he arrange. The old man agreed for 6 Lacs.Then Salahudin said ``I will arrange 6 Lacs Abbas will arrange 2 Lacs and Major Sahib if you can arrange please arrange 4 Lacs. I said I don’t have 4 Lacs I came here for an interview and not to participated in races. I have no money here and I cannot produce. All three of them again got together and started arguments and told me that we are not taking money from and the money was just to be shown to Mian sahib and you know that Mian sahib has lot of money. They pressured me so much that I lost control on my nerves and surrendered. They put me in a car and sent to Lahore so that I catch a flight to Karachi and come back with money on 26 Feb,08. While on road I decided to call my son in Karachi and asked him to send the Cheque book through First women bank to me. I came back to the rest house and informed Salahudin accordingly. Next day he sent me to Faisalabad form where I drew the cash and came back to Bucheki Nankana sahib. At about 1400 hours the old man also turned up with 6 lacs but Abbas came empty handed. Mian Azhar turned up 1500 hours and we sat in he same room. He was told by Salahudin that Noor Muhammad could not arrange 18 Lacs so myself and Major Sahib had help him and he can only show you 16 Lacs. Therefore take mercy on the old man and pay him 16 Lacs. Mian Azhar did not agree and cancelled the deal and confiscated Rs 2 Lacs. On this the Old man got very much worried and started praying that please do some thing and I cannot afford to loose 2 Lacs. On this Salahudin also requested to Mian Sahib to be mercyful to the old man. On this Mian Azhar said,� Ok you give me 16 Lacs and show me other 2 Lacs tomorrow but not here I am going to Karachi for a meeting with the delegation from Australia,�.And then addressed me and said,� You also go to Karachi now and you will get the appointment letter through TCS. Your meeting with the Australian is also important,�..
I was put in a car and sent to Lahore and finally reached Karachi at 2300 Hours on 26 Feb,08.
On 27 Feb in the evening Salahudin contacted me on my Cell phone and informed that he along with Mian Azhar were in Karachi, the old man is following with Rs 2 Lacs and you will get you money back. You will also meet the Australians once we finished the meeting with them. .On 29th in the evening I received a call from Mian Azhar at about 1800 hours that he needed my help and requested to send a mobile set (S 95) Nokia to Lahore for his wife through TCS self collection. At this stage I talked to Major General Mustafa (ISI) and I gave him the whole story how I had been cheated. I want his help in this respect.He told me to contact Brig Jamal (ISI) at Lahore.I talked to Major Zahoor and made a plan to apprehend Mr Rafiq the servant of Mian Azhar who would come to TCS to collect the set. Major Zahoor left Rawalpindi at 600 hours on Ist March (Saturday).I reached Lahore at 1200 hours the same day. Major Zahoor met Col Kayani who informed Zahoor that there was no need of sending mobile phone set because those people are sitting in Nankana sahib and no body can touch them. Because they have the backing of very strong personality. I met Col Kanayi at 1400 hours on Ist March who told me to contact Col Retd Latif in Pindi to get more details of the case. The story of Col Latif and eight others (list attached on Annex A) is so pathetic that I forgot about my case and decided to address this application to you because I feel that you will come up to help 9 victims who are retired officers and have been part of the army which you are commanding at the moment in way they are still part of the army.
Posted by
Diesel
Apr 25, 2008 11:35 pm
ToChief of Army Staff
Rawalpindi.
From: Maj Retd Shamshad Ali Khan H
20-C Shahbaz Comercial Lane 1,
Phase 6 DHA Karachi.
Dear Sir,
I have decided to approach your good self in respect of a very serious situation being faced by retired officers. They are loosing there hard earned money to a criminal group of people sitting in Bacheki Nankana sahib. These people contact those officers who are in search of jobs and call them to Nankana sahib and deprive them of there entire assets.List of effected officers is attached they may be many more who have not reported their cases to concern authorities.Police Nab and ISI are aware of the issue but are not taking action against the culprits because it is believed that they have backing of some very powerful personality. I request you to arrest them through MI and retrieve the money looted by them. I am the last victim and deprived of 4 Lacs of Rs on 26th Feb, 2008. The brief descripition of the happening is given below.
The story started in the second week of January 08. An advertisement appeared in the Dawn for the employment of a Chief Security Officer in FWBL (First women Bank Limited).I am Sixty eight year of age and working in FWBL as Manager Security since last eleven years. I naturally thought that my job had come to an end.
As a strange coincident I received a call on my cell phone 0300-8291097 from Mr Chaudhry Abbas cell No 0300-9185488.He told me that Major Farooq (Retd) who was his good friend had recommended my name for the appointment as Manager administration with an Australian Oil Company and he belongs to Ali Group of Industries at Islamabad who are local agents of Australians. Since I could not place Major Farooq I ask him to give me time.
I then talked to Major Zahoor (Retd) who informed me that there was a Major Farooq in 25 cavalry who is now working in Gulf. On this information I accepted the offer and also because since my job was finishing. I thought almighty has opened another door for me.
In this respect I consulted all my friends and family members including Hasim Khan an Sharif-ul-Hassan, both belong to Oil and Gas industry. Sharif-ul-Hassan even talked to Chaudhry Abbas and informed me that he was not sure about the credentials of the Ali Group of Industries but there is no harm in going to Islamabad for an interview. All my other friends had also the same opinion. Even my female co- workers in the bank .
I booked a seat in Air Blue and informed Mr Abbas that I will be lending at Islamabad in 24 Feb,2008. He told me that I should come to Nankana sahib because the Manging Director Mian Azhar has reached there to inspect the Hotel project which Ali Industry managing. Abbas had earlier informed me that Ali Group is managing a 5 star.
I lended at Lahore Airport where a car was waiting for me which took me to Bucheki Nankana sahib and lodged (visiting card attached an annex A) me in rest house opposite to Ali Rice Industries was located.Ch Abbas came to welcomed me in the bed room and then requested me to come to the conference room for an interview with Mr Salahuddin General manager Ali Group of Industries. Salahudin interviewed me and selected me as General Manager Coordination at Karachi. He told me to wait for the Managing Director, till tomorrow who is the final authority for the employment.
On 25 Feb I was waiting along with Abbas for Mian Azhar in the conference room, where literature and maps related to Oil and Gas exploration were also placed. An old man with white beard entered the room who also want to meet Mian Azhar. Thereafter Salahudin entered the room and ask the old man that why he had come. He gave his purpose to that Salahudin answered that Mian Azhar is a busy man and he has no time to meet people with out appointment. The old man told him that he has come with an appointment and was interested in business with Mian Azhar. Salahudin asked him what sort of Business he wanted to do with him because Mian would like to know that. Haji Noor Muhammad the old man replied that he was interested to play race with Mian sahib and he had won Rs 20 Lacs 6 months ago. Salahudin remarked, ``so you have won to win 20 Lacs again`` how do you know that you will win again.You can also loose.He said no I will never loose. Salahudin then asked for his share.Oldman agreed to give him 50 %.
At this stage Salahudin turned to me and after reciting Kalams and God`s names he said since I was sitting there and Abbas was sitting with him therefore this 50% will be shared between 3 of us i.e Salahudin, Abbas and my self. I strongly reacted and said`` I have come for an interview and not to play a race and I am not going to accept any money at all. All three got together and told me that Mian sahib is a Multi Millionare and few Lacs does not matter to him and you must take this money and this is all fair.They kept on giving me arguments for half an hour. I was totally exhausted finally I agreed to take the money and give it to orphanage to Nankana sahib in their presence. After this deal Salahudin went out and came with Mian Azhar.Mian Azhar interviewd me and selected for the job with One Lac Rs as salary plus 50% house rent and a car at Karachi.
At this stage when he wanted to go out the oldman requested him to play race with him which I had never seen or heard in my life.
The old man took out a small box from his bag opened it and emptied red pebbles on the table. At this stage I was totally confused and did not know what they were doing. Azhar lost Rs 1 Lac to the old man. Azhar opened the briefcase which was full of currency and asked the old man to show 1 Lac on the table so that he can give him 1 Lac. The old man did that and Mian Azhar gave him a Lac Rs from his briefcase. In second game Azhar betted 20 lacs to which the old man did not agree because he did not have that much to show. Then Mian sahib gave him 48 hours to produce the money and show him against which Mian will give the betted amount to the oldman. For this deal the old man had to deposit his 2 Lacs with Mian Azhar, with a condition that if the old man failed to produce desired amount on the table after 48 hours. The 2 Lacs will be confiscated. The second game started after this deal. Mian Azhar lost 20 Lacs to the oldman and went away with 2 Lacs of Rs saying that after 48 hours the oldman should produce 18 Lacs because 2 Lacs are already with Mian Sahib and he will receive his 20 Lacs. There after the Mian left.
The old man then addressed Salahudin and said,`` I don’t have 18 Lacs and you help me out, Salahudin asked the old man that how much could he arrange. The old man agreed for 6 Lacs.Then Salahudin said ``I will arrange 6 Lacs Abbas will arrange 2 Lacs and Major Sahib if you can arrange please arrange 4 Lacs. I said I don’t have 4 Lacs I came here for an interview and not to participated in races. I have no money here and I cannot produce. All three of them again got together and started arguments and told me that we are not taking money from and the money was just to be shown to Mian sahib and you know that Mian sahib has lot of money. They pressured me so much that I lost control on my nerves and surrendered. They put me in a car and sent to Lahore so that I catch a flight to Karachi and come back with money on 26 Feb,08. While on road I decided to call my son in Karachi and asked him to send the Cheque book through First women bank to me. I came back to the rest house and informed Salahudin accordingly. Next day he sent me to Faisalabad form where I drew the cash and came back to Bucheki Nankana sahib. At about 1400 hours the old man also turned up with 6 lacs but Abbas came empty handed. Mian Azhar turned up 1500 hours and we sat in he same room. He was told by Salahudin that Noor Muhammad could not arrange 18 Lacs so myself and Major Sahib had help him and he can only show you 16 Lacs. Therefore take mercy on the old man and pay him 16 Lacs. Mian Azhar did not agree and cancelled the deal and confiscated Rs 2 Lacs. On this the Old man got very much worried and started praying that please do some thing and I cannot afford to loose 2 Lacs. On this Salahudin also requested to Mian Sahib to be mercyful to the old man. On this Mian Azhar said,� Ok you give me 16 Lacs and show me other 2 Lacs tomorrow but not here I am going to Karachi for a meeting with the delegation from Australia,�.And then addressed me and said,� You also go to Karachi now and you will get the appointment letter through TCS. Your meeting with the Australian is also important,�..
I was put in a car and sent to Lahore and finally reached Karachi at 2300 Hours on 26 Feb,08.
On 27 Feb in the evening Salahudin contacted me on my Cell phone and informed that he along with Mian Azhar were in Karachi, the old man is following with Rs 2 Lacs and you will get you money back. You will also meet the Australians once we finished the meeting with them. .On 29th in the evening I received a call from Mian Azhar at about 1800 hours that he needed my help and requested to send a mobile set (S 95) Nokia to Lahore for his wife through TCS self collection. At this stage I talked to Major General Mustafa (ISI) and I gave him the whole story how I had been cheated. I want his help in this respect.He told me to contact Brig Jamal (ISI) at Lahore.I talked to Major Zahoor and made a plan to apprehend Mr Rafiq the servant of Mian Azhar who would come to TCS to collect the set. Major Zahoor left Rawalpindi at 600 hours on Ist March (Saturday).I reached Lahore at 1200 hours the same day. Major Zahoor met Col Kayani who informed Zahoor that there was no need of sending mobile phone set because those people are sitting in Nankana sahib and no body can touch them. Because they have the backing of very strong personality. I met Col Kanayi at 1400 hours on Ist March who told me to contact Col Retd Latif in Pindi to get more details of the case. The story of Col Latif and eight others (list attached on Annex A) is so pathetic that I forgot about my case and decided to address this application to you because I feel that you will come up to help 9 victims who are retired officers and have been part of the army which you are commanding at the moment in way they are still part of the army.
To
Chief of Army Staff
Rawalpindi.
From: Maj Retd Shamshad Ali Khan
20-C Shahbaz Comercial Lane 1,
Phase 6 DHA Karachi.
Dear Sir,
I have decided to approach your good self in respect of a very serious situation being faced by retired officers. They are loosing there hard earned money to a criminal group of people sitting in Bacheki Nankana sahib. These people contact those officers who are in search of jobs and call them to Nankana sahib and deprive them of there entire assets.List of effected officers is attached they may be many more who have not reported their cases to concern authorities.Police Nab and ISI are aware of the issue but are not taking action against the culprits because it is believed that they have backing of some very powerful personality. I request you to arrest them through MI and retrieve the money looted by them. I am the last victim and deprived of 4 Lacs of Rs on 26th Feb, 2008. The brief descripition of the happening is given below.
The story started in the second week of January 08. An advertisement appeared in the Dawn for the employment of a Chief Security Officer in FWBL (First women Bank Limited).I am Sixty eight year of age and working in FWBL as Manager Security since last eleven years. I naturally thought that my job had come to an end.
As a strange coincident I received a call on my cell phone 0300-8291097 from Mr Chaudhry Abbas cell No 0300-9185488.He told me that Major Farooq (Retd) who was his good friend had recommended my name for the appointment as Manager administration with an Australian Oil Company and he belongs to Ali Group of Industries at Islamabad who are local agents of Australians. Since I could not place Major Farooq I ask him to give me time.
I then talked to Major Zahoor (Retd) who informed me that there was a Major Farooq in 25 cavalry who is now working in Gulf. On this information I accepted the offer and also because since my job was finishing. I thought almighty has opened another door for me.
In this respect I consulted all my friends and family members including Hasim Khan an Sharif-ul-Hassan, both belong to Oil and Gas industry. Sharif-ul-Hassan even talked to Chaudhry Abbas and informed me that he was not sure about the credentials of the Ali Group of Industries but there is no harm in going to Islamabad for an interview. All my other friends had also the same opinion. Even my female co- workers in the bank .
I booked a seat in Air Blue and informed Mr Abbas that I will be lending at Islamabad in 24 Feb,2008. He told me that I should come to Nankana sahib because the Manging Director Mian Azhar has reached there to inspect the Hotel project which Ali Industry managing. Abbas had earlier informed me that Ali Group is managing a 5 star.
I lended at Lahore Airport where a car was waiting for me which took me to Bucheki Nankana sahib and lodged (visiting card attached an annex A) me in rest house opposite to Ali Rice Industries was located.Ch Abbas came to welcomed me in the bed room and then requested me to come to the conference room for an interview with Mr Salahuddin General manager Ali Group of Industries. Salahudin interviewed me and selected me as General Manager Coordination at Karachi. He told me to wait for the Managing Director, till tomorrow who is the final authority for the employment.
On 25 Feb I was waiting along with Abbas for Mian Azhar in the conference room, where literature and maps related to Oil and Gas exploration were also placed. An old man with white beard entered the room who also want to meet Mian Azhar. Thereafter Salahudin entered the room and ask the old man that why he had come. He gave his purpose to that Salahudin answered that Mian Azhar is a busy man and he has no time to meet people with out appointment. The old man told him that he has come with an appointment and was interested in business with Mian Azhar. Salahudin asked him what sort of Business he wanted to do with him because Mian would like to know that. Haji Noor Muhammad the old man replied that he was interested to play race with Mian sahib and he had won Rs 20 Lacs 6 months ago. Salahudin remarked, ``so you have won to win 20 Lacs again`` how do you know that you will win again.You can also loose.He said no I will never loose. Salahudin then asked for his share.Oldman agreed to give him 50 %.
At this stage Salahudin turned to me and after reciting Kalams and God`s names he said since I was sitting there and Abbas was sitting with him therefore this 50% will be shared between 3 of us i.e Salahudin, Abbas and my self. I strongly reacted and said`` I have come for an interview and not to play a race and I am not going to accept any money at all. All three got together and told me that Mian sahib is a Multi Millionare and few Lacs does not matter to him and you must take this money and this is all fair.They kept on giving me arguments for half an hour. I was totally exhausted finally I agreed to take the money and give it to orphanage to Nankana sahib in their presence. After this deal Salahudin went out and came with Mian Azhar.Mian Azhar interviewd me and selected for the job with One Lac Rs as salary plus 50% house rent and a car at Karachi.
At this stage when he wanted to go out the oldman requested him to play race with him which I had never seen or heard in my life.
The old man took out a small box from his bag opened it and emptied red pebbles on the table. At this stage I was totally confused and did not know what they were doing. Azhar lost Rs 1 Lac to the old man. Azhar opened the briefcase which was full of currency and asked the old man to show 1 Lac on the table so that he can give him 1 Lac. The old man did that and Mian Azhar gave him a Lac Rs from his briefcase. In second game Azhar betted 20 lacs to which the old man did not agree because he did not have that much to show. Then Mian sahib gave him 48 hours to produce the money and show him against which Mian will give the betted amount to the oldman. For this deal the old man had to deposit his 2 Lacs with Mian Azhar, with a condition that if the old man failed to produce desired amount on the table after 48 hours. The 2 Lacs will be confiscated. The second game started after this deal. Mian Azhar lost 20 Lacs to the oldman and went away with 2 Lacs of Rs saying that after 48 hours the oldman should produce 18 Lacs because 2 Lacs are already with Mian Sahib and he will receive his 20 Lacs. There after the Mian left.
The old man then addressed Salahudin and said,`` I don’t have 18 Lacs and you help me out, Salahudin asked the old man that how much could he arrange. The old man agreed for 6 Lacs.Then Salahudin said ``I will arrange 6 Lacs Abbas will arrange 2 Lacs and Major Sahib if you can arrange please arrange 4 Lacs. I said I don’t have 4 Lacs I came here for an interview and not to participated in races. I have no money here and I cannot produce. All three of them again got together and started arguments and told me that we are not taking money from and the money was just to be shown to Mian sahib and you know that Mian sahib has lot of money. They pressured me so much that I lost control on my nerves and surrendered. They put me in a car and sent to Lahore so that I catch a flight to Karachi and come back with money on 26 Feb,08. While on road I decided to call my son in Karachi and asked him to send the Cheque book through First women bank to me. I came back to the rest house and informed Salahudin accordingly. Next day he sent me to Faisalabad form where I drew the cash and came back to Bucheki Nankana sahib. At about 1400 hours the old man also turned up with 6 lacs but Abbas came empty handed. Mian Azhar turned up 1500 hours and we sat in he same room. He was told by Salahudin that Noor Muhammad could not arrange 18 Lacs so myself and Major Sahib had help him and he can only show you 16 Lacs. Therefore take mercy on the old man and pay him 16 Lacs. Mian Azhar did not agree and cancelled the deal and confiscated Rs 2 Lacs. On this the Old man got very much worried and started praying that please do some thing and I cannot afford to loose 2 Lacs. On this Salahudin also requested to Mian Sahib to be mercyful to the old man. On this Mian Azhar said,� Ok you give me 16 Lacs and show me other 2 Lacs tomorrow but not here I am going to Karachi for a meeting with the delegation from Australia,�.And then addressed me and said,� You also go to Karachi now and you will get the appointment letter through TCS. Your meeting with the Australian is also important,�..
I was put in a car and sent to Lahore and finally reached Karachi at 2300 Hours on 26 Feb,08.
On 27 Feb in the evening Salahudin contacted me on my Cell phone and informed that he along with Mian Azhar were in Karachi, the old man is following with Rs 2 Lacs and you will get you money back. You will also meet the Australians once we finished the meeting with them. .On 29th in the evening I received a call from Mian Azhar at about 1800 hours that he needed my help and requested to send a mobile set (S 95) Nokia to Lahore for his wife through TCS self collection. At this stage I talked to Major General Mustafa (ISI) and I gave him the whole story how I had been cheated. I want his help in this respect.He told me to contact Brig Jamal (ISI) at Lahore.I talked to Major Zahoor and made a plan to apprehend Mr Rafiq the servant of Mian Azhar who would come to TCS to collect the set. Major Zahoor left Rawalpindi at 600 hours on Ist March (Saturday).I reached Lahore at 1200 hours the same day. Major Zahoor met Col Kayani who informed Zahoor that there was no need of sending mobile phone set because those people are sitting in Nankana sahib and no body can touch them. Because they have the backing of very strong personality. I met Col Kanayi at 1400 hours on Ist March who told me to contact Col Retd Latif in Pindi to get more details of the case. The story of Col Latif and eight others (list attached on Annex A) is so pathetic that I forgot about my case and decided to address this application to you because I feel that you will come up to help 9 victims who are retired officers and have been part of the army which you are commanding at the moment in way they are still part of the army.
Student Politics in Pakistan: A Profile
Posted by
Diesel
Mar 3, 2008 11:12 pm
Re: # 41 bhai mitarway , u get lost . talking all BS . You seem to have benefitted a lot from the facist MQM.
February 18th, 2008-Election Day
Posted by
Diesel
Feb 17, 2008 10:11 pm
we should do serious discussion , this news piece is meaningless since these two guys may be psychologically disturbed
Pakistan Poll Rigging
0230 February 18, 2008
From Prof. Feisal Khan On Islam and the Pakistan Army A couple of points of clarification about what you wrote on Gen. Zia and the Pakistan Army. Gen. Zia was appointed COAS in 1976 and staged a coup in 1977. Zia did not institute Islamism in either Pakistan or the Army, he merely accelerated the process and carried it forward to its logical conclusion.
The process actually began with the introduction of the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly by PM Liaquat Ali Khan in 1949. The Resolution enshrined Islam as the State Religion and mandated that Muslims would live their lives in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah. The Resolution was a part of all three (1956, 1962 and 1973) Constitutions' Preambles and formally added to the body of the 1973 Constitution by Gen. Zia in 1985.
It was Z A Bhutto who declared certain Muslim sects to be nonmuslim, banned alcohol and changed the weekly holiday to Friday. Before Zia the Army had always used Islam as a motivational and unifying force; Zia merely institutionalized and formalized what had been done informally before. While it is certainly true that before Zia senior officers were less overtly religious and more secular and that the Army had an overall 'secular' ethos, the class composition of the officer corps was already changing by the beginning of the 1970s, long before Zia was in a position to influence anything in the Army.
The sons of JCOs, NCOs and ORs, as well as many rankers (much more so than in the Indian Army) were already gaining commissions in large numbers in the 1960s and after 1971, virtually the ONLY ones who wanted to join the Army were them.
Zia, again, did not begin the changeover to an Islamic Army but he certainly accelerated the process.
Posted by
Diesel
Feb 17, 2008 10:03 pm
i have read a very interesting article on www.orbat.com------------0230 February 18, 2008
From Prof. Feisal Khan On Islam and the Pakistan Army A couple of points of clarification about what you wrote on Gen. Zia and the Pakistan Army. Gen. Zia was appointed COAS in 1976 and staged a coup in 1977. Zia did not institute Islamism in either Pakistan or the Army, he merely accelerated the process and carried it forward to its logical conclusion.
The process actually began with the introduction of the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly by PM Liaquat Ali Khan in 1949. The Resolution enshrined Islam as the State Religion and mandated that Muslims would live their lives in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah. The Resolution was a part of all three (1956, 1962 and 1973) Constitutions' Preambles and formally added to the body of the 1973 Constitution by Gen. Zia in 1985.
It was Z A Bhutto who declared certain Muslim sects to be nonmuslim, banned alcohol and changed the weekly holiday to Friday. Before Zia the Army had always used Islam as a motivational and unifying force; Zia merely institutionalized and formalized what had been done informally before. While it is certainly true that before Zia senior officers were less overtly religious and more secular and that the Army had an overall 'secular' ethos, the class composition of the officer corps was already changing by the beginning of the 1970s, long before Zia was in a position to influence anything in the Army.
The sons of JCOs, NCOs and ORs, as well as many rankers (much more so than in the Indian Army) were already gaining commissions in large numbers in the 1960s and after 1971, virtually the ONLY ones who wanted to join the Army were them.
Zia, again, did not begin the changeover to an Islamic Army but he certainly accelerated the process.
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